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Quebec · maple atlas

Maple sugaring in Témiscouata, Quebec

Témiscouata is a regional county municipality (MRC) in Quebec. Statistics Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 289 farms reporting maple taps and 5,062,870 taps here, the most of any census division in Quebec. Around Cabano, sap usually runs from March 26 to April 29. Here's the long-run pattern, 35 seasons of sap weather, and the outlook this week.
Too early to tapAbout 170 days until the usual start.
Sap starts
Mar 26
producers' record
Season ends
Apr 29
about 5 weeks
Sap days / season
26.6
1991–2025 average
Taps, 2021
5.1 million
#1 of 61 in QC

Sap-flow outlook at Cabano right now

Full Quebec forecast →

Forecast for Cabano, QC

Updated Oct 7, 11:30 AM EDT

1 sap day in the next 6

freeze thaw 0 °C

  1. ThuOct 8
    7° / 12°
    No refreeze forecast
  2. FriOct 9
    4° / 11°
    No refreeze forecast
  3. SatOct 10
    2° / 8°
    No refreeze forecast
  4. SunOct 11
    -2° / 9°
    Classic sap day
  5. MonOct 12
    9° / 12°
    Run tapering
  6. TueOct 13
    6° / 10°
    No refreeze forecast

Data: Environment and Climate Change Canada. Verdicts use freeze-thaw thresholds from maple field research; your woods may run a little differently.

When the sap runs

The sugaring calendar at Cabano

Freeze-thaw weather at Cabano peaks in the weeks of Mar 23 to Apr 27, which hold about 59% of a season's sap days. April is the busiest month. Typical dates are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011): this division's weather signals, moved 6.8 days earlier for the opening and 1.4 for the closing, the average gap to that record. The spread and the year-by-year bars below are the unadjusted weather signal.
Typical season: Mar 26 – Apr 290246Week of Dec 1: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 8: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 15: 0.6 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 22: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 29: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 5: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 12: 0.4 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 19: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 26: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 2: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 9: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 16: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 23: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 2: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 9: 1.2 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 16: 1.6 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 23: 2.6 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 30: 2.8 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 6: 3.0 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 13: 2.9 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 20: 2.5 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 27: 1.9 sap days on averageWeek of May 4: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of May 11: 0.6 sap days on averageWeek of May 18: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of May 25: 0.1 sap days on averageDecJanFebMarAprMaytaps in ~Mar 26
Average number of freeze-thaw sap days in each week of the season at Cabano, 1991–2025 (Daymet temperatures). A sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). The shaded band is the typical season.

Year-to-year spread

Opening signal
Median Apr 2; the middle half of seasons fell between Mar 30 and Apr 5. Earliest Mar 19 (2021), latest Apr 13 (2020).
Closing signal
Median Apr 30; middle half between Apr 26 and May 4. Earliest Apr 17 (2010), latest May 14 (2020).
Sap days by month
Dec10%Jan4%Feb6%Mar27%Apr45%May7%

35 seasons of sap weather

Témiscouata seasons, 1991–2025

The best sap year at Cabano was 1991 with 38 freeze-thaw days; the leanest was 2015 with 14. Seasons that start early tend to end early too: the trees run on the swing between freezing nights and mild days, and heat ends it.
JanFebMarAprMaysap days20252025: Mar 29 – May 1, 22 sap days2220242024: Mar 28 – Apr 28, 37 sap days3720232023: Mar 28 – Apr 21, 26 sap days2620222022: Apr 4 – May 8, 29 sap days2920212021: Mar 19 – Apr 23, 18 sap days1820202020: Apr 13 – May 14, 33 sap days3320192019: Apr 3 – May 1, 23 sap days2320182018: Apr 3 – Apr 23, 26 sap days2620172017: Apr 2 – Apr 25, 25 sap days2520162016: Apr 7 – May 2, 31 sap days3120152015: Mar 30 – Apr 20, 14 sap days1420142014: Apr 5 – Apr 30, 22 sap days2220132013: Mar 30 – Apr 27, 25 sap days2520122012: Mar 21 – Apr 20, 23 sap days2320112011: Apr 5 – May 1, 30 sap days3020102010: Mar 20 – Apr 17, 27 sap days2720092009: Mar 30 – Apr 30, 25 sap days2520082008: Apr 1 – May 3, 19 sap days1920072007: Apr 3 – Apr 26, 27 sap days2720062006: Mar 22 – Apr 22, 24 sap days2420052005: Apr 1 – Apr 22, 24 sap days2420042004: Apr 2 – Apr 30, 32 sap days3220032003: Apr 6 – May 5, 19 sap days1920022002: Apr 2 – Apr 30, 29 sap days2920012001: Mar 31 – Apr 29, 26 sap days2620002000: Apr 2 – May 4, 28 sap days2819991999: Mar 28 – Apr 30, 32 sap days3219981998: Apr 5 – Apr 28, 23 sap days2319971997: Apr 8 – May 9, 24 sap days2419961996: Mar 30 – May 1, 28 sap days2819951995: Apr 7 – May 10, 35 sap days3519941994: Apr 3 – May 8, 33 sap days3319931993: Mar 27 – Apr 28, 21 sap days2119921992: Apr 6 – May 8, 32 sap days3219911991: Apr 2 – May 6, 38 sap days38
Each bar runs from the season's opening signal to its closing signal, estimated from daily Daymet temperatures at Cabano. Dashed lines mark the typical dates. The right column counts freeze-thaw sap days from December through May.

Maple production

Témiscouata in the Census of Agriculture

Statistics Canada counts the farms that report maple taps in its Census of Agriculture every five years. In 2021 it counted 289 in Témiscouata, with 5,062,870 taps; in 2016, 233 farms and 4,712,414 taps. Among Quebec's 61 census divisions with a published tap count, Témiscouata ranks 1st, and 1st of the 94 in this atlas.

Over the five years the farm count changed +24% and taps +7%. Statistics Canada cautions that 2021 and 2016 are not strictly comparable: the census-farm definition changed in 2021, and farms were assigned to their main location more strictly.

Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division, so the Canadian pages show farms and taps, not gallons or litres.

Témiscouata maple production, 2016 and 2021 (Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture)
Census yearFarms reporting tapsTaps
20212895,062,870
20162334,712,414

A separate, newer source

PPAQ regional fact sheet, 2026

The Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec (PPAQ) publish a fact sheet for each sugaring region, with figures for every MRC. These are from the 2026 Bas-Saint-Laurent – Gaspésie sheet. They count enterprises registered under the joint marketing plan, by where the sugarbush is; the census above counts 2021 farms by their main location. The two sit side by side here and are never added together.

Enterprises
346
under the joint marketing plan
Taps
6.6 million
rounded, as printed
Annual production
22.1 million lb
estimate, pounds of syrup
Value
$74.2 million
Canadian dollars

Taps by forest ownership

Private forest 55%Public forest 45%

Nearby

Neighboring maple divisions

Distances are between reference towns; typical dates are each division's own estimate.

About these numbers

The season dates are estimated from 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures for the Daymet 1-km grid cell at Cabano, the division's largest population centre in the 2021 Census; the cell sits at 175 m (574 ft). Each day is scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast: a sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). A season's closing signal is the last sap day before accumulated warmth reaches a threshold, and the opening signal sits 35 days before that, never earlier than the first real freeze-thaw week. The rule was calibrated on 117 state-seasons of USDA-reported dates in the US and is applied here unchanged. In Quebec it reproduces the pattern between regions in producers' reported seasons (Houle et al. 2015), and the typical dates are anchored to that record. Production figures are copied from Statistics Canada as published; the PPAQ figures, from its 2026 regional fact sheet, are shown separately. Full method, the Daymet checks and the Quebec validation → Run a sugarhouse here? Put this sap forecast on your own website →

Sources · 9

  1. 1.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2021 (Table 32-10-0362-01) · Statistics Canada
  2. 2.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2011 and 2016 (Table 32-10-0423-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 3.Fiche région 2026 : Bas-Saint-Laurent – Gaspésie · Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec
  4. 4.Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1 · ORNL DAAC
  5. 5.Impacts of climate change on the timing of the production season of maple syrup in eastern Canada (PLOS ONE 10(12): e0144844, 2015) · Houle et al.
  6. 6.Sap flow in sugar maple: timing and weather drivers (Frontiers in Agronomy, 2025) · de Lima Santos et al.
Show 3 more
  1. 7.2021 Census cartographic boundary files (census divisions, population centres) · Statistics Canada
  2. 8.Population and dwelling counts, 2021 Census (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 9.GeoNames geographical database (CA) · GeoNames

Licences and attribution

  • Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture 2021 and 2016 (Tables 32-10-0362-01 and 32-10-0423-01), 2021 Census population and dwelling counts (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) and 2021 Census cartographic boundary files. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
  • Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
  • Thornton, M.M., R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P.E. Thornton, S-C. Kao, and B.E. Wilson. 2022. Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2129
  • Place coordinates: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0.
  • Québec MRC figures: Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec, Fiches région 2026 (production estimates from Groupe AGÉCO).

FAQ

Témiscouata sugaring questions

When should I tap maple trees in Témiscouata, Quebec?
In a typical year the sap starts running around March 26 near Cabano and the season winds down around April 29. Have your taps in a day or two before the first forecast string of nights below −1 °C and days above +3 °C. In the past 35 seasons the weather signal came as early as Mar 19 and as late as Apr 13.
How much maple syrup does Témiscouata produce?
Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division. Its 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 289 farms reporting 5,062,870 maple taps in Témiscouata, number 1 of 61 Quebec divisions with a published count. Separately, the PPAQ's 2026 fact sheet for the Bas-Saint-Laurent – Gaspésie region estimates annual production at 22.1 million lb of syrup from 6.6 million taps.
How many sap days does Témiscouata get in a season?
On average 26.6 freeze-thaw sap days from December through May at Cabano, of which about 11.3 are textbook days with a night between about −7 and −2 °C and a day between 4 and 9 °C. The best season since 1991 was 1991 (38 sap days); the leanest was 2015 (14).
Where do these dates come from?
From 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures at Cabano (Daymet 1-km grid), scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast. In Quebec they are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011). They describe a typical year at one point in the division; your sugarbush, slope and elevation can shift them by days.

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