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USDA NASS records · 2011–2022

How maple sugaring seasons really vary

A calendar date is a guess; the weather decides. Here's every season on record for the major maple states: when sugarmakers opened, when they closed, and how far a season can swing.

Every recorded season, earliest to latest

13 states, 2011 to 2022: one row per state, earliest median opening at the top, one square per season shaded by the day it opened. Read across a row to see how far a state's season swings; read down a column to see an early or a late year everywhere at once. Hover or tap a square for its dates.

USDA maple season opening dates by state and year, 2011–2022, shaded by opening date
State’11’12’13’14’15’16’17’18’19’20’21’22
WVno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno report
INno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno report
CTno reportno reportno reportno report
OHno reportno reportno reportno report
MAno reportno reportno reportno report
PA
NH
NY
VT
ME
MI
MNno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno reportno report
WI
Season openedbefore Feb 1Feb 1–14Feb 15–28Mar 1–14Mar 15 or laterno USDA report
› Show the data table (117 seasons)
USDA maple season opening and closing dates by state and year
StateYearOpenedClosedDays
West Virginia2016Feb 9Mar 1232
West Virginia2017Feb 3Mar 732
West Virginia2018Feb 4Mar 1438
Indiana2016Feb 18Mar 1223
Indiana2017Feb 9Mar 1231
Indiana2018Feb 10Mar 1937
Connecticut2011Feb 24Mar 2832
Connecticut2012Feb 9Mar 1232
Connecticut2013Feb 12Mar 2541
Connecticut2014Feb 26Apr 235
Connecticut2015Mar 10Apr 627
Connecticut2016Feb 10Mar 1534
Connecticut2017Feb 12Mar 2642
Connecticut2018Feb 12Mar 2642
Ohio2011Feb 24Mar 2731
Ohio2012Feb 15Mar 1226
Ohio2013Feb 20Mar 2937
Ohio2014Mar 4Apr 229
Ohio2015Mar 7Apr 327
Ohio2016Feb 16Mar 1326
Ohio2017Feb 11Mar 1633
Ohio2018Feb 14Mar 2741
Massachusetts2011Mar 4Apr 431
Massachusetts2012Feb 19Mar 1424
Massachusetts2013Feb 26Apr 336
Massachusetts2014Mar 9Apr 931
Massachusetts2015Mar 14Apr 1128
Massachusetts2016Feb 21Mar 2432
Massachusetts2017Feb 19Apr 242
Massachusetts2018Feb 18Apr 142
Pennsylvania2011Feb 26Mar 3133
Pennsylvania2012Feb 16Mar 1326
Pennsylvania2013Feb 26Apr 538
Pennsylvania2014Mar 6Apr 833
Pennsylvania2015Mar 10Apr 627
Pennsylvania2016Feb 15Mar 1731
Pennsylvania2017Feb 11Mar 2239
Pennsylvania2018Feb 17Apr 345
Pennsylvania2019Feb 25Apr 135
Pennsylvania2020Feb 18Mar 2031
Pennsylvania2021Feb 27Mar 2425
Pennsylvania2022Feb 24Mar 2327
New Hampshire2011Mar 7Apr 832
New Hampshire2012Feb 24Mar 2025
New Hampshire2013Feb 28Apr 738
New Hampshire2014Mar 14Apr 1330
New Hampshire2015Mar 18Apr 1326
New Hampshire2016Feb 22Mar 3037
New Hampshire2017Feb 24Apr 742
New Hampshire2018Feb 24Apr 843
New Hampshire2019Mar 10Apr 1031
New Hampshire2020Feb 24Mar 3035
New Hampshire2021Mar 6Apr 126
New Hampshire2022Feb 27Apr 436
New York2011Mar 5Apr 733
New York2012Feb 21Mar 1624
New York2013Feb 27Apr 941
New York2014Mar 13Apr 1432
New York2015Mar 17Apr 1226
New York2016Feb 22Mar 2936
New York2017Feb 18Apr 243
New York2018Feb 18Apr 1152
New York2019Mar 6Apr 732
New York2020Feb 19Mar 2838
New York2021Mar 4Apr 229
New York2022Feb 28Apr 233
Vermont2011Mar 9Apr 1436
Vermont2012Feb 25Mar 2226
Vermont2013Mar 3Apr 1341
Vermont2014Mar 20Apr 1728
Vermont2015Mar 22Apr 1726
Vermont2016Feb 24Apr 844
Vermont2017Feb 23Apr 1046
Vermont2018Feb 23Apr 1652
Vermont2019Mar 12Apr 1534
Vermont2020Feb 28Apr 638
Vermont2021Mar 8Apr 528
Vermont2022Feb 28Apr 940
Maine2011Mar 10Apr 1334
Maine2012Feb 28Mar 2829
Maine2013Mar 4Apr 1239
Maine2014Mar 21Apr 1929
Maine2015Mar 21Apr 1727
Maine2016Feb 26Apr 943
Maine2017Mar 2Apr 1241
Maine2018Feb 26Apr 942
Maine2019Mar 14Apr 1431
Maine2020Feb 29Apr 839
Maine2021Mar 6Apr 631
Maine2022Mar 4Apr 936
Michigan2011Mar 8Apr 629
Michigan2012Feb 26Mar 1518
Michigan2013Mar 9Apr 1032
Michigan2014Mar 21Apr 1424
Michigan2015Mar 13Apr 826
Michigan2016Feb 28Mar 2728
Michigan2017Feb 24Mar 2832
Michigan2018Feb 28Apr 1041
Michigan2019Mar 13Apr 725
Michigan2020Mar 1Mar 3029
Michigan2021Mar 2Mar 2826
Michigan2022Mar 9Apr 830
Minnesota2016Mar 6Apr 631
Minnesota2017Mar 4Apr 330
Minnesota2018Mar 21Apr 2232
Wisconsin2011Mar 15Apr 1228
Wisconsin2012Mar 8Mar 1810
Wisconsin2013Mar 25Apr 2329
Wisconsin2014Mar 28Apr 1922
Wisconsin2015Mar 14Apr 623
Wisconsin2016Mar 6Apr 429
Wisconsin2017Mar 4Apr 229
Wisconsin2018Mar 16Apr 2136
Wisconsin2019Mar 21Apr 1424
Wisconsin2020Mar 7Apr 428
Wisconsin2021Mar 6Mar 3125
Wisconsin2022Mar 18Apr 2033

The long view

Seasons are starting earlier

In New England and New York, the sugaring season now begins about 8 days earlier and ends about 11 days earlier than it did 40 years earlier, leaving it roughly 3 days (about 10%) shorter, according to UVM Proctor Maple Research Center survey records analyzed in 2007.
U.S. House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
Cornell researchers found that start dates for tapping maples in the Northeast are about a week earlier than in 1970, and projected they could arrive about a month earlier by 2100 — e.g., around Feb 1 instead of Mar 1 in Montpelier, Vermont (Skinner, DeGaetano & Chabot, Climatic Change, 2010).
Cornell Chronicle
In Québec, the sap season is projected to start and end 9–13 days earlier by 2046–2065 and 15–19 days earlier by 2081–2100 than in 1971–2000; season onset advances about four days for each degree Celsius of warming (Houle et al., PLoS ONE, 2015).
PLOS ONE

Sources · 13

  1. 1.USDA NASS — United States Maple Syrup Production, June 13, 2018 (average open/close dates 2016–2018) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  2. 2.USDA NASS — United States Maple Syrup Production, June 12, 2019 (average open/close dates 2017–2019) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  3. 3.USDA NASS — Crop Production, June 2020 — maple syrup tables (average open/close dates 2018–2020) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  4. 4.USDA 2022 Census of Agriculture, County Data — Table 37. Maple Syrup: 2022 and 2017 (West Virginia) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service
  5. 5.USDA 2022 Census of Agriculture, County Data — Table 37. Maple Syrup: 2022 and 2017 (Indiana) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service
Show 8 more
  1. 6.USDA NASS — Maple Syrup Production — news release, June 2013 (average open/close dates 2011–2013) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  2. 7.USDA NASS — Maple Syrup Production — news release, June 2014 (average open/close dates 2012–2014) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  3. 8.USDA NASS — United States Maple Syrup Production, June 11, 2015 (average open/close dates 2013–2015) · USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (mirrored by the University of Vermont)
  4. 9.Statement of Timothy D. Perkins, Ph.D., Director, UVM Proctor Maple Research Center — Global Warming Mountaintop 'Summit': Economic Impacts on New England (June 4, 2007) · U.S. House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
  5. 10.In 100 years, maple sap will flow a month earlier · Cornell Chronicle
  6. 11.Impacts of Climate Change on the Timing of the Production Season of Maple Syrup in Eastern Canada (Houle et al. 2015, PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144844) · PLOS ONE
  7. 12.Finding the sweet spot: Shifting optimal climate for maple syrup production in North America (Rapp et al. 2019, Forest Ecology and Management 448: 187–197) · Elsevier / Harvard Forest
  8. 13.Reassessing the schedule of the sugar season in maple under climate warming (de Lima Santos et al. 2025, Frontiers in Agronomy 6: 1496255) · Frontiers in Agronomy

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