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Quebec · maple atlas

Maple sugaring in Lévis, Quebec

Lévis is an equivalent territory in Quebec: a city or urban agglomeration outside any MRC that counts as its own census division. Statistics Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 40 farms reporting maple taps here (taps withheld by Statistics Canada). Around Lévis, sap usually runs from March 21 to April 24. Here's the long-run pattern, 35 seasons of sap weather, and the outlook this week.
Too early to tapAbout 165 days until the usual start.
Sap starts
Mar 21
producers' record
Season ends
Apr 24
about 5 weeks
Sap days / season
24.5
1991–2025 average
Taps, 2021
withheld
by Statistics Canada

Sap-flow outlook at Lévis right now

Full Quebec forecast →

Forecast for Lévis, QC

Updated Oct 7, 11:30 AM EDT

Off-season for now. Sap needs freezing nights, and none are in sight. Lévis's season usually opens around March 21, which is 165 days away.

No freeze-thaw days in the forecast

freeze thaw 0 °C

  1. ThuOct 8
    7° / 14°
    No refreeze forecast
  2. FriOct 9
    6° / 12°
    No refreeze forecast
  3. SatOct 10
    2° / 11°
    No refreeze forecast
  4. SunOct 11
    5° / 18°
    No refreeze forecast
  5. MonOct 12
    11° / 15°
    No refreeze forecast
  6. TueOct 13
    8° / 12°
    No refreeze forecast

Data: Environment and Climate Change Canada. Verdicts use freeze-thaw thresholds from maple field research; your woods may run a little differently.

When the sap runs

The sugaring calendar at Lévis

Freeze-thaw weather at Lévis peaks in the weeks of Mar 23 to Apr 20, which hold about 53% of a season's sap days. April is the busiest month. Typical dates are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011): this division's weather signals, moved 6.8 days earlier for the opening and 1.4 for the closing, the average gap to that record. The spread and the year-by-year bars below are the unadjusted weather signal.
Typical season: Mar 21 – Apr 240246Week of Dec 1: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 8: 0.6 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 15: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 22: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 29: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 5: 0.1 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 12: 0.4 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 19: 0.1 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 26: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 2: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 9: 0.1 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 16: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 23: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 2: 0.9 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 9: 1.6 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 16: 1.7 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 23: 2.6 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 30: 3.0 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 6: 2.8 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 13: 2.7 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 20: 2.0 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 27: 1.3 sap days on averageWeek of May 4: 0.4 sap days on averageWeek of May 11: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of May 18: 0.0 sap days on averageWeek of May 25: 0.0 sap days on averageDecJanFebMarAprMaytaps in ~Mar 21
Average number of freeze-thaw sap days in each week of the season at Lévis, 1991–2025 (Daymet temperatures). A sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). The shaded band is the typical season.

Year-to-year spread

Opening signal
Median Mar 28; the middle half of seasons fell between Mar 24 and Mar 31. Earliest Mar 9 (2010), latest Apr 8 (1998).
Closing signal
Median Apr 25; middle half between Apr 21 and Apr 30. Earliest Apr 5 (2021), latest May 5 (1992).
Sap days by month
Dec10%Jan4%Feb7%Mar32%Apr42%May4%

35 seasons of sap weather

Lévis seasons, 1991–2025

The best sap year at Lévis was 2020 with 39 freeze-thaw days; the leanest was 2015 with 13. Seasons that start early tend to end early too: the trees run on the swing between freezing nights and mild days, and heat ends it.
JanFebMarAprMaysap days20252025: Mar 24 – Apr 21, 26 sap days2620242024: Mar 16 – Apr 9, 32 sap days3220232023: Mar 24 – Apr 21, 26 sap days2620222022: Mar 27 – Apr 24, 24 sap days2420212021: Mar 17 – Apr 5, 19 sap days1920202020: Apr 2 – Apr 27, 39 sap days3920192019: Mar 31 – May 1, 23 sap days2320182018: Mar 30 – Apr 24, 29 sap days2920172017: Mar 24 – Apr 24, 26 sap days2620162016: Apr 2 – May 2, 34 sap days3420152015: Apr 3 – Apr 22, 13 sap days1320142014: Apr 2 – Apr 25, 17 sap days1720132013: Mar 24 – Apr 27, 27 sap days2720122012: Mar 13 – Apr 14, 22 sap days2220112011: Mar 28 – Apr 23, 25 sap days2520102010: Mar 9 – Apr 13, 22 sap days2220092009: Mar 23 – Apr 20, 24 sap days2420082008: Apr 1 – Apr 17, 15 sap days1520072007: Mar 28 – Apr 26, 29 sap days2920062006: Mar 17 – Apr 11, 25 sap days2520052005: Mar 26 – Apr 22, 25 sap days2520042004: Mar 28 – Apr 30, 24 sap days2420032003: Mar 31 – May 3, 15 sap days1520022002: Mar 28 – Apr 30, 22 sap days2220012001: Mar 28 – Apr 29, 23 sap days2320002000: Mar 24 – Apr 26, 28 sap days2819991999: Mar 25 – Apr 28, 33 sap days3319981998: Apr 8 – Apr 15, 16 sap days1619971997: Apr 6 – May 5, 25 sap days2519961996: Mar 27 – Apr 30, 26 sap days2619951995: Mar 30 – Apr 25, 30 sap days3019941994: Mar 30 – May 3, 24 sap days2419931993: Mar 25 – Apr 28, 18 sap days1819921992: Mar 31 – May 5, 25 sap days2519911991: Mar 26 – Apr 29, 28 sap days28
Each bar runs from the season's opening signal to its closing signal, estimated from daily Daymet temperatures at Lévis. Dashed lines mark the typical dates. The right column counts freeze-thaw sap days from December through May.

Maple production

Lévis in the Census of Agriculture

Statistics Canada counts the farms that report maple taps in its Census of Agriculture every five years. In 2021 it counted 40 in Lévis; in 2016, 22 farms and 42,135 taps.

Over the five years the farm count changed +82%. Statistics Canada cautions that 2021 and 2016 are not strictly comparable: the census-farm definition changed in 2021, and farms were assigned to their main location more strictly.

Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division, so the Canadian pages show farms and taps, not gallons or litres.

Lévis maple production, 2016 and 2021 (Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture)
Census yearFarms reporting tapsTaps
202140Ewithheld by Statistics Canada
20162242,135
  • E Statistics Canada quality grade: use with caution.
  • "Withheld by Statistics Canada": Statistics Canada suppressed the value as too unreliable to publish (F). The farm count is still published.

A separate, newer source

PPAQ regional fact sheet, 2026

The Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec (PPAQ) publish a fact sheet for each sugaring region, with figures for every MRC. These are from the 2026 Appalaches-Beauce-Lotbinière sheet. They count enterprises registered under the joint marketing plan, by where the sugarbush is; the census above counts 2021 farms by their main location. The two sit side by side here and are never added together.

Enterprises
24
under the joint marketing plan
Taps
61,063
as printed
Annual production
228,376 lb
estimate, pounds of syrup
Value
$765,058
Canadian dollars

Taps by forest ownership

Private forest 100%Public forest 0%

Nearby

Neighboring maple divisions

Distances are between reference towns; typical dates are each division's own estimate.

About these numbers

The season dates are estimated from 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures for the Daymet 1-km grid cell at Lévis, the division's most populous municipality in the 2021 Census; the cell sits at 80 m (262 ft). Each day is scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast: a sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). A season's closing signal is the last sap day before accumulated warmth reaches a threshold, and the opening signal sits 35 days before that, never earlier than the first real freeze-thaw week. The rule was calibrated on 117 state-seasons of USDA-reported dates in the US and is applied here unchanged. In Quebec it reproduces the pattern between regions in producers' reported seasons (Houle et al. 2015), and the typical dates are anchored to that record. Production figures are copied from Statistics Canada as published; the PPAQ figures, from its 2026 regional fact sheet, are shown separately. Full method, the Daymet checks and the Quebec validation → Run a sugarhouse here? Put this sap forecast on your own website →

Sources · 9

  1. 1.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2021 (Table 32-10-0362-01) · Statistics Canada
  2. 2.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2011 and 2016 (Table 32-10-0423-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 3.Fiche région 2026 : Appalaches-Beauce-Lotbinière · Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec
  4. 4.Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1 · ORNL DAAC
  5. 5.Impacts of climate change on the timing of the production season of maple syrup in eastern Canada (PLOS ONE 10(12): e0144844, 2015) · Houle et al.
  6. 6.Sap flow in sugar maple: timing and weather drivers (Frontiers in Agronomy, 2025) · de Lima Santos et al.
Show 3 more
  1. 7.2021 Census cartographic boundary files (census divisions, population centres) · Statistics Canada
  2. 8.Population and dwelling counts, 2021 Census (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 9.GeoNames geographical database (CA) · GeoNames

Licences and attribution

  • Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture 2021 and 2016 (Tables 32-10-0362-01 and 32-10-0423-01), 2021 Census population and dwelling counts (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) and 2021 Census cartographic boundary files. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
  • Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
  • Thornton, M.M., R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P.E. Thornton, S-C. Kao, and B.E. Wilson. 2022. Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2129
  • Place coordinates: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0.
  • Québec MRC figures: Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec, Fiches région 2026 (production estimates from Groupe AGÉCO).

FAQ

Lévis sugaring questions

When should I tap maple trees in Lévis, Quebec?
In a typical year the sap starts running around March 21 near Lévis and the season winds down around April 24. Have your taps in a day or two before the first forecast string of nights below −1 °C and days above +3 °C. In the past 35 seasons the weather signal came as early as Mar 9 and as late as Apr 8.
How much maple syrup does Lévis produce?
Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division. Its 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 40 farms reporting maple taps in Lévis; the tap count was withheld by Statistics Canada. Separately, the PPAQ's 2026 fact sheet for the Appalaches-Beauce-Lotbinière region estimates annual production at 228,376 lb of syrup from 61,063 taps.
How many sap days does Lévis get in a season?
On average 24.5 freeze-thaw sap days from December through May at Lévis, of which about 10.6 are textbook days with a night between about −7 and −2 °C and a day between 4 and 9 °C. The best season since 1991 was 2020 (39 sap days); the leanest was 2015 (13).
Where do these dates come from?
From 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures at Lévis (Daymet 1-km grid), scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast. In Quebec they are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011). They describe a typical year at one point in the division; your sugarbush, slope and elevation can shift them by days.

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