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Quebec · maple atlas

Maple sugaring in Papineau, Quebec

Papineau is a regional county municipality (MRC) in Quebec. Statistics Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 34 farms reporting maple taps and 125,331 taps here. Around Saint-André-Avellin, sap usually runs from March 13 to April 21. Here's the long-run pattern, 35 seasons of sap weather, and the outlook this week.
Too early to tapAbout 157 days until the usual start.
Sap starts
Mar 13
producers' record
Season ends
Apr 21
about 6 weeks
Sap days / season
31.1
1991–2025 average
Taps, 2021
125,331
#47 of 61 in QC

Sap-flow outlook at Saint-André-Avellin right now

Full Quebec forecast →

Forecast for Saint-André-Avellin, QC

Updated Oct 7, 11:30 AM EDT

1 sap day in the next 6

freeze thaw 0 °C

  1. ThuOct 8
    8° / 13°
    No refreeze forecast
  2. FriOct 9
    5° / 11°
    No refreeze forecast
  3. SatOct 10
    -2° / 10°
    Sap likely
  4. SunOct 11
    7° / 23°
    Run tapering
  5. MonOct 12
    10° / 17°
    No refreeze forecast
  6. TueOct 13
    8° / 12°
    No refreeze forecast

Data: Environment and Climate Change Canada. Verdicts use freeze-thaw thresholds from maple field research; your woods may run a little differently.

When the sap runs

The sugaring calendar at Saint-André-Avellin

Freeze-thaw weather at Saint-André-Avellin peaks in the weeks of Mar 16 to Apr 20, which hold about 54% of a season's sap days. April is the busiest month. Typical dates are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011): this division's weather signals, moved 6.8 days earlier for the opening and 1.4 for the closing, the average gap to that record. The spread and the year-by-year bars below are the unadjusted weather signal.
Typical season: Mar 13 – Apr 210246Week of Dec 1: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 8: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 15: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 22: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 29: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 5: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 12: 0.4 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 19: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 26: 0.3 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 2: 0.6 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 9: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 16: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 23: 1.1 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 2: 1.4 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 9: 2.1 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 16: 2.2 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 23: 2.8 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 30: 3.5 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 6: 3.3 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 13: 2.8 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 20: 2.3 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 27: 1.6 sap days on averageWeek of May 4: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of May 11: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of May 18: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of May 25: 0.1 sap days on averageDecJanFebMarAprMaytaps in ~Mar 13
Average number of freeze-thaw sap days in each week of the season at Saint-André-Avellin, 1991–2025 (Daymet temperatures). A sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). The shaded band is the typical season.

Year-to-year spread

Opening signal
Median Mar 20; the middle half of seasons fell between Mar 17 and Mar 25. Earliest Feb 28 (2010), latest Mar 29 (2018).
Closing signal
Median Apr 22; middle half between Apr 18 and Apr 26. Earliest Mar 30 (2010), latest May 2 (1992).
Sap days by month
Dec9%Jan5%Feb10%Mar32%Apr38%May6%

35 seasons of sap weather

Papineau seasons, 1991–2025

The best sap year at Saint-André-Avellin was 2020 with 48 freeze-thaw days; the leanest was 2008 with 19. Seasons that start early tend to end early too: the trees run on the swing between freezing nights and mild days, and heat ends it.
JanFebMarAprMaysap days20252025: Mar 20 – Apr 21, 29 sap days2920242024: Mar 6 – Apr 9, 38 sap days3820232023: Mar 18 – Apr 20, 35 sap days3520222022: Mar 20 – Apr 23, 32 sap days3220212021: Mar 9 – Apr 6, 23 sap days2320202020: Mar 25 – Apr 29, 48 sap days4820192019: Mar 28 – Apr 29, 21 sap days2120182018: Mar 29 – Apr 23, 36 sap days3620172017: Mar 19 – Apr 18, 25 sap days2520162016: Mar 23 – Apr 27, 42 sap days4220152015: Mar 25 – Apr 25, 19 sap days1920142014: Mar 26 – Apr 25, 27 sap days2720132013: Mar 22 – Apr 22, 30 sap days3020122012: Mar 8 – Apr 5, 32 sap days3220112011: Mar 23 – Apr 22, 25 sap days2520102010: Feb 28 – Mar 30, 33 sap days3320092009: Mar 18 – Apr 19, 32 sap days3220082008: Mar 27 – Apr 17, 19 sap days1920072007: Mar 19 – Apr 20, 27 sap days2720062006: Mar 14 – Apr 14, 29 sap days2920052005: Mar 19 – Apr 22, 36 sap days3620042004: Mar 20 – Apr 24, 30 sap days3020032003: Mar 24 – Apr 26, 22 sap days2220022002: Mar 14 – Apr 11, 33 sap days3320012001: Mar 25 – Apr 29, 33 sap days3320002000: Mar 15 – Apr 19, 41 sap days4119991999: Mar 20 – Apr 24, 42 sap days4219981998: Mar 11 – Apr 13, 27 sap days2719971997: Mar 26 – Apr 29, 25 sap days2519961996: Mar 27 – Apr 30, 36 sap days3619951995: Mar 18 – Apr 18, 39 sap days3919941994: Mar 25 – Apr 28, 34 sap days3419931993: Mar 24 – Apr 24, 22 sap days2219921992: Mar 28 – May 2, 32 sap days3219911991: Mar 16 – Apr 14, 35 sap days35
Each bar runs from the season's opening signal to its closing signal, estimated from daily Daymet temperatures at Saint-André-Avellin. Dashed lines mark the typical dates. The right column counts freeze-thaw sap days from December through May.

Maple production

Papineau in the Census of Agriculture

Statistics Canada counts the farms that report maple taps in its Census of Agriculture every five years. In 2021 it counted 34 in Papineau, with 125,331 taps; in 2016, 46 farms and 124,968 taps. Among Quebec's 61 census divisions with a published tap count, Papineau ranks 47th, and 57th of the 94 in this atlas.

Over the five years the farm count changed −26% and taps 0%. Statistics Canada cautions that 2021 and 2016 are not strictly comparable: the census-farm definition changed in 2021, and farms were assigned to their main location more strictly.

Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division, so the Canadian pages show farms and taps, not gallons or litres.

Papineau maple production, 2016 and 2021 (Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture)
Census yearFarms reporting tapsTaps
202134125,331E
201646124,968
  • E Statistics Canada quality grade: use with caution.

A separate, newer source

PPAQ regional fact sheet, 2026

The Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec (PPAQ) publish a fact sheet for each sugaring region, with figures for every MRC. These are from the 2026 Ouest-du-Québec sheet. They count enterprises registered under the joint marketing plan, by where the sugarbush is; the census above counts 2021 farms by their main location. The two sit side by side here and are never added together.

Enterprises
18
under the joint marketing plan
Taps
154,086
as printed
Annual production
647,161 lb
estimate, pounds of syrup
Value
$2.1 million
Canadian dollars

Taps by forest ownership

Private forest 59%Public forest 41%

  • Figures in millions are rounded to a tenth, as PPAQ printed them.
  • Annual production is PPAQ's estimate (Groupe AGÉCO's yield estimate applied to the taps), not a measured harvest. Ouest-du-Québec sheet (PDF, French)

Nearby

Neighboring maple divisions

Distances are between reference towns; typical dates are each division's own estimate.

About these numbers

The season dates are estimated from 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures for the Daymet 1-km grid cell at Saint-André-Avellin, the division's most populous municipality in the 2021 Census; the cell sits at 175 m (574 ft). Each day is scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast: a sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). A season's closing signal is the last sap day before accumulated warmth reaches a threshold, and the opening signal sits 35 days before that, never earlier than the first real freeze-thaw week. The rule was calibrated on 117 state-seasons of USDA-reported dates in the US and is applied here unchanged. In Quebec it reproduces the pattern between regions in producers' reported seasons (Houle et al. 2015), and the typical dates are anchored to that record. Production figures are copied from Statistics Canada as published; the PPAQ figures, from its 2026 regional fact sheet, are shown separately. Full method, the Daymet checks and the Quebec validation → Run a sugarhouse here? Put this sap forecast on your own website →

Sources · 9

  1. 1.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2021 (Table 32-10-0362-01) · Statistics Canada
  2. 2.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2011 and 2016 (Table 32-10-0423-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 3.Fiche région 2026 : Ouest-du-Québec · Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec
  4. 4.Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1 · ORNL DAAC
  5. 5.Impacts of climate change on the timing of the production season of maple syrup in eastern Canada (PLOS ONE 10(12): e0144844, 2015) · Houle et al.
  6. 6.Sap flow in sugar maple: timing and weather drivers (Frontiers in Agronomy, 2025) · de Lima Santos et al.
Show 3 more
  1. 7.2021 Census cartographic boundary files (census divisions, population centres) · Statistics Canada
  2. 8.Population and dwelling counts, 2021 Census (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 9.GeoNames geographical database (CA) · GeoNames

Licences and attribution

  • Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture 2021 and 2016 (Tables 32-10-0362-01 and 32-10-0423-01), 2021 Census population and dwelling counts (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) and 2021 Census cartographic boundary files. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
  • Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
  • Thornton, M.M., R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P.E. Thornton, S-C. Kao, and B.E. Wilson. 2022. Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2129
  • Place coordinates: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0.
  • Québec MRC figures: Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec, Fiches région 2026 (production estimates from Groupe AGÉCO).

FAQ

Papineau sugaring questions

When should I tap maple trees in Papineau, Quebec?
In a typical year the sap starts running around March 13 near Saint-André-Avellin and the season winds down around April 21. Have your taps in a day or two before the first forecast string of nights below −1 °C and days above +3 °C. In the past 35 seasons the weather signal came as early as Feb 28 and as late as Mar 29.
How much maple syrup does Papineau produce?
Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division. Its 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 34 farms reporting 125,331 maple taps in Papineau, number 47 of 61 Quebec divisions with a published count. Separately, the PPAQ's 2026 fact sheet for the Ouest-du-Québec region estimates annual production at 647,161 lb of syrup from 154,086 taps.
How many sap days does Papineau get in a season?
On average 31.1 freeze-thaw sap days from December through May at Saint-André-Avellin, of which about 10.4 are textbook days with a night between about −7 and −2 °C and a day between 4 and 9 °C. The best season since 1991 was 2020 (48 sap days); the leanest was 2008 (19).
Where do these dates come from?
From 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures at Saint-André-Avellin (Daymet 1-km grid), scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast. In Quebec they are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011). They describe a typical year at one point in the division; your sugarbush, slope and elevation can shift them by days.

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