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Quebec · maple atlas

Maple sugaring in Le Haut-Saint-François, Quebec

Le Haut-Saint-François is a regional county municipality (MRC) in Quebec. Statistics Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 169 farms reporting maple taps and 967,821 taps here. Around Cookshire-Eaton, sap usually runs from March 11 to April 18. Here's the long-run pattern, 35 seasons of sap weather, and the outlook this week.
Too early to tapAbout 155 days until the usual start.
Sap starts
Mar 11
producers' record
Season ends
Apr 18
about 5 weeks
Sap days / season
36
1991–2025 average
Taps, 2021
967,821
#15 of 61 in QC

Sap-flow outlook at Cookshire-Eaton right now

Full Quebec forecast →

Forecast for Cookshire-Eaton, QC

Updated Oct 7, 11:30 AM EDT

Off-season for now. Sap needs freezing nights, and none are in sight. Le Haut-Saint-François's season usually opens around March 11, which is 155 days away.

No freeze-thaw days in the forecast

freeze thaw 0 °C

  1. ThuOct 8
    9° / 13°
    No refreeze forecast
  2. FriOct 9
    7° / 12°
    No refreeze forecast
  3. SatOct 10
    0° / 11°
    No refreeze forecast
  4. SunOct 11
    3° / 21°
    No refreeze forecast
  5. MonOct 12
    10° / 17°
    No refreeze forecast
  6. TueOct 13
    8° / 13°
    No refreeze forecast

Data: Environment and Climate Change Canada. Verdicts use freeze-thaw thresholds from maple field research; your woods may run a little differently.

When the sap runs

The sugaring calendar at Cookshire-Eaton

Freeze-thaw weather at Cookshire-Eaton peaks in the weeks of Mar 9 to Apr 20, which hold about 53% of a season's sap days. April is the busiest month. Typical dates are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011): this division's weather signals, moved 6.8 days earlier for the opening and 1.4 for the closing, the average gap to that record. The spread and the year-by-year bars below are the unadjusted weather signal.
Typical season: Mar 11 – Apr 180246Week of Dec 1: 1.1 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 8: 1.3 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 15: 1.1 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 22: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Dec 29: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 5: 0.6 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 12: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 19: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Jan 26: 0.5 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 2: 0.8 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 9: 0.7 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 16: 1.4 sap days on averageWeek of Feb 23: 1.3 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 2: 1.4 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 9: 2.0 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 16: 2.3 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 23: 3.0 sap days on averageWeek of Mar 30: 3.3 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 6: 3.1 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 13: 3.2 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 20: 2.3 sap days on averageWeek of Apr 27: 1.8 sap days on averageWeek of May 4: 1.1 sap days on averageWeek of May 11: 0.4 sap days on averageWeek of May 18: 0.2 sap days on averageWeek of May 25: 0.1 sap days on averageDecJanFebMarAprMaytaps in ~Mar 11
Average number of freeze-thaw sap days in each week of the season at Cookshire-Eaton, 1991–2025 (Daymet temperatures). A sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). The shaded band is the typical season.

Year-to-year spread

Opening signal
Median Mar 18; the middle half of seasons fell between Mar 14 and Mar 23. Earliest Feb 28 (2010), latest Apr 2 (2015).
Closing signal
Median Apr 19; middle half between Apr 15 and Apr 23. Earliest Mar 28 (2010), latest Apr 29 (1992).
Sap days by month
Dec13%Jan8%Feb11%Mar28%Apr34%May6%

35 seasons of sap weather

Le Haut-Saint-François seasons, 1991–2025

The best sap year at Cookshire-Eaton was 2020 with 50 freeze-thaw days; the leanest was 2015 with 19. Seasons that start early tend to end early too: the trees run on the swing between freezing nights and mild days, and heat ends it.
JanFebMarAprMaysap days20252025: Mar 15 – Apr 18, 34 sap days3420242024: Mar 9 – Apr 10, 39 sap days3920232023: Mar 13 – Apr 10, 42 sap days4220222022: Mar 15 – Apr 18, 44 sap days4420212021: Mar 17 – Apr 4, 27 sap days2720202020: Mar 23 – Apr 27, 50 sap days5020192019: Mar 24 – Apr 18, 38 sap days3820182018: Mar 25 – Apr 23, 38 sap days3820172017: Mar 15 – Apr 15, 30 sap days3020162016: Mar 17 – Apr 21, 47 sap days4720152015: Apr 2 – Apr 25, 19 sap days1920142014: Mar 24 – Apr 25, 32 sap days3220132013: Mar 20 – Apr 23, 43 sap days4320122012: Mar 4 – Apr 8, 39 sap days3920112011: Mar 23 – Apr 23, 29 sap days2920102010: Feb 28 – Mar 28, 28 sap days2820092009: Mar 18 – Apr 20, 44 sap days4420082008: Mar 18 – Apr 17, 33 sap days3320072007: Mar 22 – Apr 26, 43 sap days4320062006: Mar 9 – Apr 11, 36 sap days3620052005: Mar 19 – Apr 22, 36 sap days3620042004: Mar 19 – Apr 22, 29 sap days2920032003: Mar 19 – Apr 18, 29 sap days2920022002: Mar 12 – Apr 11, 37 sap days3720012001: Mar 27 – Apr 29, 32 sap days3220002000: Mar 5 – Apr 7, 35 sap days3519991999: Mar 17 – Apr 20, 46 sap days4619981998: Mar 10 – Apr 14, 31 sap days3119971997: Mar 27 – Apr 27, 36 sap days3619961996: Mar 20 – Apr 20, 32 sap days3219951995: Mar 14 – Apr 18, 39 sap days3919941994: Mar 23 – Apr 23, 33 sap days3319931993: Mar 17 – Apr 19, 29 sap days2919921992: Mar 25 – Apr 29, 36 sap days3619911991: Mar 12 – Apr 15, 44 sap days44
Each bar runs from the season's opening signal to its closing signal, estimated from daily Daymet temperatures at Cookshire-Eaton. Dashed lines mark the typical dates. The right column counts freeze-thaw sap days from December through May.

Maple production

Le Haut-Saint-François in the Census of Agriculture

Statistics Canada counts the farms that report maple taps in its Census of Agriculture every five years. In 2021 it counted 169 in Le Haut-Saint-François, with 967,821 taps; in 2016, 114 farms and 687,550 taps. Among Quebec's 61 census divisions with a published tap count, Le Haut-Saint-François ranks 15th, and 16th of the 94 in this atlas.

Over the five years the farm count changed +48% and taps +41%. Statistics Canada cautions that 2021 and 2016 are not strictly comparable: the census-farm definition changed in 2021, and farms were assigned to their main location more strictly.

Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division, so the Canadian pages show farms and taps, not gallons or litres.

Le Haut-Saint-François maple production, 2016 and 2021 (Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture)
Census yearFarms reporting tapsTaps
2021169967,821
2016114687,550

A separate, newer source

PPAQ regional fact sheet, 2026

The Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec (PPAQ) publish a fact sheet for each sugaring region, with figures for every MRC. These are from the 2026 Estrie sheet. They count enterprises registered under the joint marketing plan, by where the sugarbush is; the census above counts 2021 farms by their main location. The two sit side by side here and are never added together.

Enterprises
173
under the joint marketing plan
Taps
1.2 million
rounded, as printed
Annual production
5.1 million lb
estimate, pounds of syrup
Value
$17.2 million
Canadian dollars

Taps by forest ownership

Private forest 92%Public forest 8%

  • Figures in millions are rounded to a tenth, as PPAQ printed them.
  • Annual production is PPAQ's estimate (Groupe AGÉCO's yield estimate applied to the taps), not a measured harvest. Estrie sheet (PDF, French)

Nearby

Neighboring maple divisions

Distances are between reference towns; typical dates are each division's own estimate.

About these numbers

The season dates are estimated from 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures for the Daymet 1-km grid cell at Cookshire-Eaton, the division's most populous municipality in the 2021 Census; the cell sits at 219 m (719 ft). Each day is scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast: a sap day is an overnight low under −1 °C (30.2 °F) followed by an afternoon high over +3 °C (37.4 °F). A season's closing signal is the last sap day before accumulated warmth reaches a threshold, and the opening signal sits 35 days before that, never earlier than the first real freeze-thaw week. The rule was calibrated on 117 state-seasons of USDA-reported dates in the US and is applied here unchanged. In Quebec it reproduces the pattern between regions in producers' reported seasons (Houle et al. 2015), and the typical dates are anchored to that record. Production figures are copied from Statistics Canada as published; the PPAQ figures, from its 2026 regional fact sheet, are shown separately. Full method, the Daymet checks and the Quebec validation → Run a sugarhouse here? Put this sap forecast on your own website →

Sources · 9

  1. 1.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2021 (Table 32-10-0362-01) · Statistics Canada
  2. 2.Maple taps, Census of Agriculture, 2011 and 2016 (Table 32-10-0423-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 3.Fiche région 2026 : Estrie · Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec
  4. 4.Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1 · ORNL DAAC
  5. 5.Impacts of climate change on the timing of the production season of maple syrup in eastern Canada (PLOS ONE 10(12): e0144844, 2015) · Houle et al.
  6. 6.Sap flow in sugar maple: timing and weather drivers (Frontiers in Agronomy, 2025) · de Lima Santos et al.
Show 3 more
  1. 7.2021 Census cartographic boundary files (census divisions, population centres) · Statistics Canada
  2. 8.Population and dwelling counts, 2021 Census (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) · Statistics Canada
  3. 9.GeoNames geographical database (CA) · GeoNames

Licences and attribution

  • Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture 2021 and 2016 (Tables 32-10-0362-01 and 32-10-0423-01), 2021 Census population and dwelling counts (Tables 98-10-0002-01 and 98-10-0011-01) and 2021 Census cartographic boundary files. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
  • Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
  • Thornton, M.M., R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P.E. Thornton, S-C. Kao, and B.E. Wilson. 2022. Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 4 R1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2129
  • Place coordinates: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0.
  • Québec MRC figures: Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec, Fiches région 2026 (production estimates from Groupe AGÉCO).

FAQ

Le Haut-Saint-François sugaring questions

When should I tap maple trees in Le Haut-Saint-François, Quebec?
In a typical year the sap starts running around March 11 near Cookshire-Eaton and the season winds down around April 18. Have your taps in a day or two before the first forecast string of nights below −1 °C and days above +3 °C. In the past 35 seasons the weather signal came as early as Feb 28 and as late as Apr 2.
How much maple syrup does Le Haut-Saint-François produce?
Statistics Canada doesn't publish syrup volume by census division. Its 2021 Census of Agriculture counted 169 farms reporting 967,821 maple taps in Le Haut-Saint-François, number 15 of 61 Quebec divisions with a published count. Separately, the PPAQ's 2026 fact sheet for the Estrie region estimates annual production at 5.1 million lb of syrup from 1.2 million taps.
How many sap days does Le Haut-Saint-François get in a season?
On average 36 freeze-thaw sap days from December through May at Cookshire-Eaton, of which about 10.7 are textbook days with a night between about −7 and −2 °C and a day between 4 and 9 °C. The best season since 1991 was 2020 (50 sap days); the leanest was 2015 (19).
Where do these dates come from?
From 35 seasons of daily high and low temperatures at Cookshire-Eaton (Daymet 1-km grid), scored with the same freeze-thaw rule as our live forecast. In Quebec they are anchored to producers' reported season in the region (Houle et al. 2015, 1999–2011). They describe a typical year at one point in the division; your sugarbush, slope and elevation can shift them by days.

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